The Complete Canon[/size][/color]
Issue 1: May 7, 2004
About The Canon[/u]
A Canon, in most senses of the term, is "a criterion." In the sense of films, literary works and music, I'm sure you can assume how the term is applied. Think of The Criterion Collection of films on DVD. It is somewhat become a term to say; this is an unwritten law that these works must be viewed as they are the absolute creme de la creme of work in this specific area. My Canon is somewhat different. These are works that are my favorites (although not everything that is a favorite of mine is on here) that I feel in some way that there definately should be a canon law saying "you must watch this or you must listen to this because you'll be better for it." All these works I think are especially important in some way, and I've listed the reasons that they are. I've been enlightened by all of them. Now, I tried to leave off really obvious ones. You should, of course, listen to Nirvana, watch Kubrick and read Dickens. But none of these things really hold much personal value to me. Like I said, some of these may be classics, some may be obscure, but they all have personal value in that I'd probably list them in my top 10 in each genre. So read, watch, listen, and enjoy! It should be noted that this Canon will be amended from time to time as I take in new stuff, and become resentful of old stuff. These lists are also based on the idea of auterism therefore other works from the artists mentioned should be explored. I can't guarantee they'll all be good, however. Although the lists are numbered, this does not imply a ranking.
List of Terms/Background Information[/color][/u]
There are a few terms you're going to need to know to understand the Canon.
Jump The Shark[/b]: Something "Jumps the Shark" when it has reached its maximum potential. Once something, like a telivision show, has Jumped the Shark, it declines steadily thereafter.
Aesthetic[/b]: How something looks, in film language, the way something is put together. Angles of shots, and sequences (eg montage vs. long takes) are all part of the directorial aesthetic of a film.
Auterism[/b]: The author of a film is generally seen as the director. Auterism is judging an author by the works they make in their career. This can also be true for books, and audio recordings too.
American Hollywood System[/b]: The American film industry is generally about making movies for profit rather than having them contain any artistic merit. This actually started in the 40's when the major film studios (The big 5 and the little 3) used horizontal integration to control the means of production and drive small production companies and small venues out of business. Even if you made a smaller budget art film there was no where to have it shown. Anti trust laws broke this up in the 50's, around the time Film Nior begain. However, the generally mentality still exists. Warner Brothers is amalgamated with the Coca Cola corporation. Like Alfred P. Sloan said in the 30's about GM, "We're not in this business to make cars, We're in this business to make money."
Films[/size][/color]
The art of film began when the Lumiere brothers first invented their 50 second combination camera and projector in the late 1800's. From that point on it became not just a form of entertainment, a product or a media source, but an institution. Most of these films are examples of film as an art or source of entertainment, not as a product of a distinctly American Hollywood system that generally exists to profit from films, therefore films are created as a product, rather than art.
1.High Fidelity: 2000, Stephen Frears Director[/i]
Based on a novel by Nick Hornby, this film explores the realm of canonism. Relationship success is measured by how well you get along, which is based on "what you like" not "what you are like." It's brilliantly funny with much of the humor supplied by Jack Black, and the story is melencholy yet with resolve. Frears also Directed Cusack in The Grifters in 1990. Strangely enough the book is set in England, as Hornby is an English writer. In addition to this Frears is an Englishman himself. However, unfortunately High Fidelity has been Americanized probably to increase sales. This is something that luckily wasn't done in About A Boy, also written by Hornby. However, what was lost in translation from the book to the film was inconsequential. The book does seem to become quite long winded, and it seems that although the film had the setting moved to Chicago, and our character's name was Rob Gordon as opposed to Rob Fleming, this has very little bearing on the film's general message and story. It actually flows much nicer due to the evil Hollywood editing process.
2.Bringing Out The Dead: 1999, Martin Scorsese Director[/i]
Although Raging Bull, and Taxi Driver, are absolutely stunning movies, this Scorsese film seems to have a much more subtle tone to it. It still has the classic Scorsese characteristics. There is the lone main character (In this case Nick Cage) battling with internal struggles and is set in the dark New York underbelly. However, unlike Scorsese's other movies which usually result in the main character's eventual self destruction, Cage finds salvation and resolution to his problems and internal struggle with the daughter of a patient, played by Patricia Arquette who is ironically Cage's wife.
3.Natural Born Killers: 1994, Oliver Stone Director[/i]
With a writing credit by Quentin Tarantino, this movie exemplifies some of the major problems with American society. In a not so straightforward way it makes commentary on the media, specifically telivision, as a desensitization and sensationalization tool. The fact that we come to identify with and justify our protagonists' actions and the fact that they are two serial killers shows that we are also all basically evil deep down. This film uses a lot of technical exploration in the way some of the scenes are laid out and shot, and a soundtrack entirely by Trent Reznor flows with the scenery perfectly.
4.Lost In Translation: 2003, Sofia Coppola Director[/i]
Sofia Coppola is an example of a second wave of Hollywood avante garde film directors. These are directors that have studied a great deal on film as an art. Her father, Francis Ford Coppola, at the inception of The Godfather was considered to be part of the first generation of these film school saavy directors. It's obvious that Sofia has learned a lot from her father. I would go so far as to say this is her first real film, and done spectacularly. Although 1999's The Virgin Suicides did recieve some attention, I see it as more the warm up or practice video, perhaps a failed attempt at what Lost In Translation had become. Sofia writes, produces and directs her movies herself. Why is this movie important though? The story is sweet, albeit somewhat uneventful. What's funny is that although this is an American movie, about Americans in Japan, this movie is aesthetically quite Japanese. Bill Murray deals with an internal struggle about adapting to a changing world while he is somewhat left behind. As well, a lot of unconventional angled shots are used. These are both reminiscent of Yasujiro Ozu's 1953 feature Tokyo Monogatari or more commonly known as Tokyo Story. Although this film uses a lot of the same cues, it's not a blatant rip off, merely influenced by the Ozu aesthetic. This solidifies this film as more than just a product, but a work of art, and ensures that Sofia Coppola is known as an actual film director, not just a hollywood director who can get shots and have them assembled in something making enough sense to be shown on a big screen for $11.00 at the local Ciniplex.
5.Bullitt: 1968, Peter Yates Director[/i]
Although the genre of Cop movies may have started somewhere back in the film noir era, modern police movies started here. We have a middle aged police detective, pushing the boundries of what's acceptable. There is also the standard and quite small backstory of a love interest, and the struggle between solving the case and putting your life in grave danger. Although Grand Prix with James Garner was made a year before, it's been widely accepted that the first real car chase, between Steve's 1968 Mustang GT and the infamous Dodge Charger R/T was and is the original cop car chase. And it's still the best.
6.The Great Escape: 1963, John Sturges Director[/i]
Mr.Sturges is the pinnacle of Hollywood directing as a product. However, in doing this he ripped off a lot of really culturally great films. First, he remade Kurosawa's The Seven Samurai as The Magnificent Seven. This movie also starred McQueen. Ironically, Kurosawa's 1954 feature, which was regarded as the first Samauri movie, was filmed with a western aesthetic, and Kurosawa was heavily influenced by western films. After this, Sturges directed The Great Escape, although not admitted this is almost certainly somewhat of a remake of Jean Renoir's 1937 feature La Grande Illusion. Although in Sturges' film, the story turns from French officers in a German POW camp to R.A.F. officers in a German POW camp. Although Sturges may have been a copy cat, this film contains many spectacularly shot scenes, Such as McQueen jumping a fence of razor wire on an old BMW German army motorcycle. This film is also loaded with olde tyme stars. In addition to McQueen; Garner, Bronson and Coburn are also fixtures in this film. The movie is insanely long, but the story is excellent.
7.Ronin: 1998, John Frankenheimer Director[/i]
I am a firm believer that Robert De Niro should recieve a lifetime achievement award. Beside him should be Frankenheimer. If you are familiar with John's work, you will know that in 1967 he directed Grand Prix. Before this movie, car chases and driving scenes were generally filmed in front of a screen. During the filming of Grand Prix, Frankenheimer pioneered camera mounts that made filming driving sequences live-action possible. Unfortunately this seems like almost a lost art. Just about every driving movie made nowadays includes some sort of computer animated or assisted sequence. Ronin was filmed in the original Frankenheimer tradition, with all the driving, stunts and chase sequences filmed without the assistance of computers. And they're among the most amazing ever captured. Unfortunately this was his last film, with the exception of Reindeer Games With Ben Affleck in 2000, before his death in July of 2002.
8.Crash: 1996, David Cronenberg Director[/i]
A classic Cronenberg film if there ever was one. The general sexual obsession and perversion with the touch of every day societal convenience is present here, just like in Videodrome. Although I like James Woods better than anyone in Crash; I much like the story of Crash better. For anyone who has ever been in an accident the sheer horror does leave you feeling as twisted as your vehicle. The film says a lot about life and society, with the tag saying "Love in the dying moments of the twentieth century." It indicates how in north america we typically make inatimate objects become sentimental and part of our lives, like our vehicles complete our identity.This also explores the psychological realm of transferrence, as something horrific is turned sexual. The scenes are filmed in that eerie S&M perverted aesthetic that Cronenberg loves to use, and I think the more subtle and less extreme story is easier to grasp by the masses than perhaps Videodrome or Sex, Lies, and Videotape. I also like that the film is distinctly Canadian. Elias Koteas even stars. If I didn't know better I might also think that this was an Atom Egoyan film, what with the mediated and perverse sexual relationships, and of course, star of The Adjuster, Koteas.
9.The Godfather: 1972, Francis Ford Coppola Director[/i]
Probably Coppola's best film aside from Apocalypse Now, and definately deserving of an acadamy award. Coppola started directing in 1960, and is still going strong today, with his latest film Megalopolis due out this year. This film basically changed the face of Hollywood movies, which is why Coppola is considered one of Hollywood's best directors. The story is absolutely amazing, and Coppola is a master at setting up shots to elict the maximum emotion for the audience. This film is obviously a must see, even if you're not into that whole Mob/Gangster mentality.
10.Trainspotting: 1996, Danny Boyle Director[/i]
Choose a house, Choose a car, Choose dental insurance, Choose this movie. This movie, lets face it, is what made Ewan McGregor a star, and rightfully so. His performance as a recovering heroin addict is deeply moving, yet comedic at the same time. I'm not sure what exactly I like about this film, but it's always been one of my favorites and is still strangely compelling as a flick completely about drugs, more than its more modern counterparts like Go (a movie about ecstacy use) could ever be. Boyle had to be aesthetically experimental, pulling together a lot of different shots and scenes in disarray to tell the story from McGregor's point of view. I also like the fact that the story seems to be told in an uneventful manor. The work of the director here is not really known until you read Irving's original novel and see exactly what convaluted chaos Boyle had to deal with when putting this film together.
11.Velvet Goldmine: 1998, Todd Haynes Director[/i]
Long before Moulin Rouge made Ewan McGregor a singing paris playwrite, he was a 1984 trailer park glam punk-rock band frontman. For anyone who is obsessed with dear McGregor, his penis makes an apperance in this movie. But of course, that's not why I like it. Some of the numbers are a lot better and more energetic than in other music-type movies like Hard Core Logo, and the movie is aesthetically disjointed as to show the general unfocused and confusing life of a young newly made rich rockstar.
12.Fight Club: 1999, David Fincher Director[/i]
This movie is not so much as important because of any directorial aesthetic. That's not to say that Fincher isn't any sort of a good director. You might remember him working with Brad Pitt in the 1995 feature Se7en, another movie with a soundtrack by Trent Reznor. Fincher uses a lot of dark and dirty settings in his films and is fond of selecting scripts with a somewhat predictable twist at the end. However, the story is important because of it's stunning adaptation of Chuck Palahniuk's book of the same title. This is in addition to Edward Norton's brilliant performance as "the narrator" the real life Tyler Durden. This movie jumps the shark for all other movies after it that deal with a mentally ill person and a plot twist around it. Perhaps Identity is one exception to the rule. I still cannot believe that 2004's Twisted starring Ashley Judd was released. Once the Schitzophrenic Multiple Personality disorder motif has been done once, it really can't be done again. The thing here is that all of Palahniuk's books read very formulaeic, exactly how this movie turns out, is the same sort of semi-predictable twist you'll find in Invisible Monsters. This formula works really well on the big screen.
13.The Cable Guy: 1996, Ben Stiller Director[/i]
I know what you're thinking, "Ben Stiller?" Yes, very much, indeed so. Stiller has directed 6 feature films (Zoolander is one of the more prominent ones) and two TV series. Although Reality Bites might be qualified by most critics as the most artful of all of these generally lacking films. But lets face it, The Cable Guy does what it's supposed to do. I believe it's Jim Carrey's best film to date. Of course, I haven't seen Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. This movie is generally creepy, and although it's Carrey as the star, you definately form an understanding with Matthew Broderick because Carrey is just so damned creepy! It's definately not his usual role. I find this film quite funny, albeit in an extremely dark sense. There is no special aesthetic here, but you can definitely see Stiller's personality shine through here.
14.High Strung: 1994, Robert Nygard Director[/i]
Steve Oedekirk plays Thane Furrows, a writer of children's books who is generally unhappy with his life. The entire movie takes place within his apartment, where he spends from the time he gets up to almost the time he goes to bed simply ranting about things he hates. As Oedekirk is a comic, I wouldn't be surprised if much of this is simply a comedic routine. This movie could be a stage show, or indeed a monologue at a comedy club. It's still hilarious and something you generally don't see in any film anymore. Jim Carrey stars as satan in this movie. Although this seems like a generally nothing/nobody film, Oedekirk is actually quite prominent and busy in hollywood. He's credited with writing several films including Patch Adams, Ace Ventura, Ace Ventura 2, The Nutty Professor, The Nutty Professor 2, Jimmy Neutron and most notably he wrote, and produced Bruce Almighty.
15.Le Mans: 1971, Lee H. Katzin Director[/i]
Although this film cost $10,000,000 to make in 1971, and included Steve McQueen, at heart this is not merely a big budgeted international success or the pinnacle of racing movies. The story and film aesthetic borrow much from the Bressonian direction style in the 50's, and it should. The film is made in virtually the same setting and context, dealing with the same issues as much of Bresson's films do. So we've established that from a directorial and content standpoint, the film holds credit. However, lets not rule out that it is still the pinnacle of racing films, and likely will always be. Frankenheimer once said of Grand Prix That "a movie like [Grand Prix] could never be made again. It would simply be too expensive." This is true. Grand Prix was made in 1967, and by 1971 it was almost too expensive to afford the cars to make the movies with. Frankenheimer had actually purchased an entire field of Jr. Formula 1 cars. Of course it's an important movie, because it can never be done again in any sort of the same capacity. McQueen actually sacrificed his payroll in order for the filmmakers to have enough money to complete the feature. Another fact; John Sturges actually started production on the film with McQueen. He left the film after he and McQueen had a large disagreement about the general form of the movie. Sturges wanted dialogue, McQueen wanted a documentary. As a result, there are very few lines at all in the movie, and much of the dialogue is not important to the plot. This goes hand in hand with Bressonian aesthetic. The movie is exciting, fast paced, and interesting, and will continue to be the foremost racing film, possibly for eternity.
16.Citizen Kane: 1941, Orson Welles Director[/i]
Welles was an absolutely amazing individual. He was an author, writer, director and actor, and he excelled in every single occupation. Citizen Kane has been labelled somewhat as a stuffy film for those who want to feel culturally in the know. Well maybe that's true, but much of what makes this film important would be lost on people just trying to feel important, and I'm sure it would come out quite boring. For one Welles selects a story that has much to say politically and societally. At this time the U.S. had a great deal of problems with the new anti-trust laws, especially since a lot of large conglamorates did exist. Kane even sort of becomes the Howard Hughes figure, a great deal of time before anyone like Hughes existed. Once again the media itself is challenged as Kane owns a newspaper conglamorate. In addition to this, the film becomes a benchmark in directorial aesthetic. It combines cues of previous German Expressionist, meanwhile, it introduces an entirely new aesthetic used in Hollywood films even now. We even see one scene (when Kane is running for office) straight out of Leni Riefenstahl's 1934 documentary of the Nazi Party's Nuremberg rallies; Triumph of the Will. It is an absolute essential, a classic, and should not be missed out on.
coming soon...The Complete Canon of Music